Imiti nuburyo bwo gukuraho azote ya amoniya mumazi

1.Nitoro ya amoniya ni iki?

Azote ya Amoniya bivuga ammonia muburyo bwa ammonia yubusa (cyangwa amoniya itari iyoni, NH3) cyangwa amoniya ionic (NH4 +).PH yo hejuru hamwe nigice kinini cya ammonia yubusa;Ibinyuranye, igipimo cyumunyu wa amonium ni kinini.

Azote ya Ammoni ni intungamubiri mu mazi, zishobora gutera amazi ya eutrophasique, kandi ni yo ogisijeni nyamukuru ikoresha imyanda ihumanya mu mazi, ikaba yangiza amafi n'ibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe byo mu mazi.

Ingaruka nyamukuru yangiza azote ya ammoniya ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi ni ammonia yubusa, uburozi bwabwo bukubye inshuro icumi kurenza umunyu wa amonium, kandi bukiyongera no kwiyongera kwa alkaline.Ubumara bwa azote ya Amoniya bufitanye isano rya bugufi nagaciro ka pH nubushyuhe bwamazi yamazi ya pisine, muri rusange, uko agaciro ka pH nubushyuhe bwamazi, nuburozi bukomeye.

Uburyo bubiri bugereranya sensibilité colimetricike ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kumenya ammonia nuburyo bwa kera bwa Nessler reagent nuburyo bwa phenol-hypochlorite.Titrasiyo nuburyo bwamashanyarazi nabyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kumenya ammonia;Iyo azote ya ammoniya iri hejuru, uburyo bwo gutandukanya titre burashobora no gukoreshwa..

2.Ibikorwa byo gukuraho azote ya fiziki na chimique

Method Uburyo bwo kugwa imiti

Uburyo bwimvura yimiti, izwi kandi nkuburyo bwa MAP imvura, ni ukongeramo magnesium na aside fosifori cyangwa hydrogène fosifate mumazi y’amazi arimo azote ya amoniya, kugirango NH4 + mumazi y’amazi yifata hamwe na Mg + na PO4- mugisubizo cyamazi kugirango habeho imvura ya amonium magnesium fosifate. , amata ya molekile ni MgNH4P04.6H20, kugirango tugere ku ntego yo gukuraho azote ya amoniya.Magnesium ammonium fosifate, izwi cyane ku izina rya struvite, irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, iyongerera ubutaka cyangwa ikumira umuriro mu kubaka ibicuruzwa byubatswe.Ingano ya reaction niyi ikurikira:

Mg ++ NH4 + + PO4 - = MgNH4P04

Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumiti yo kuvura imiti ni agaciro ka pH, ubushyuhe, nitorojeni ya ammoniya hamwe nigipimo cya molari (n (Mg +): n (NH4 +): n (P04-)).Ibisubizo byerekana ko iyo pH agaciro ari 10 naho igipimo cya magnesium, azote na fosifore ni 1.2: 1: 1.2, ingaruka zo kuvura nibyiza.

Ukoresheje magnesium chloride na disodium hydrogène fosifate nkibikoresho bigusha imvura, ibisubizo byerekana ko ingaruka zo kuvura ari nziza mugihe agaciro ka pH ari 9.5 naho igipimo cya molari ya magnesium, azote na fosifore ni 1.2: 1: 1.

Ibisubizo byerekana ko MgC12 + Na3PO4.12H20 iruta iyindi mvura igwa.Iyo agaciro ka pH ari 10.0, ubushyuhe ni 30 ℃, n (Mg +): n (NH4 +): n (P04 -) = 1: 1: 1, ubwinshi bwa azote ya amoniya mumazi mabi nyuma yo gukurura 30min iragabanuka kuva 222mg / L mbere yo kuvurwa kugeza 17mg / L, naho igipimo cyo kuyikuramo ni 92.3%.

Uburyo bwimvura yimiti nuburyo bwa membrane membrane byahujwe mugutunganya amazi mabi ya azote azote yinganda.Mu bihe byo gutezimbere imvura, igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya cyageze kuri 98.1%, hanyuma ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa firime y’amazi bwagabanije nitorojeni ya azote igera kuri 0.005g / L, bigera ku rwego rw’igihugu cyo mu rwego rwa mbere.

Hakozwe iperereza ku ngaruka zo gukuraho ioni zingana (Ni +, Mn +, Zn +, Cu +, Fe +) usibye Mg + kuri azote ya amoniya ikozwe na fosifate.Hatangijwe inzira nshya yimvura ya CaSO4-MAP yaguye kumazi y’amazi ya amonium sulfate.Ibisubizo byerekana ko umugenzuzi wa NaOH gakondo ashobora gusimburwa nindimu.

Ibyiza byuburyo bwimvura igwa ni uko iyo ubwinshi bwamazi y’amazi ya azote azote ari menshi, gukoresha ubundi buryo bigarukira, nkuburyo bwibinyabuzima, uburyo bwo gutandukanya ingingo ya chlorine, uburyo bwo gutandukanya membrane, uburyo bwo guhana ion, nibindi. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwimvura yimiti irashobora gukoreshwa mbere yo kuvurwa.Gukuraho uburyo bwiza bwimvura yimvura nibyiza, kandi ntabwo bigarukira kubushyuhe, kandi imikorere iroroshye.Amazi yimvura arimo magnesium ammonium fosifate arashobora gukoreshwa nkifumbire mvaruganda kugirango imikoreshereze yimyanda, bityo igabanye igice cyikiguzi;Niba ishobora guhuzwa ninganda zimwe na zimwe zinganda zitanga amazi mabi ya fosifate ninganda zitanga umunyu wumunyu, irashobora kuzigama ibiciro bya farumasi kandi ikoroshya ikoreshwa ryinshi.

Ikibi cyuburyo bwimvura yimiti ni uko kubera kubuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi ya ammonium magnesium fosifate, nyuma ya azote ya amoniya mumazi y’amazi ageze ku gipimo runaka, ingaruka zo kuyikuramo ntizigaragara kandi igiciro cyo kwinjiza cyiyongereye cyane.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwimvura yimiti bugomba gukoreshwa bufatanije nubundi buryo bubereye kuvurwa neza.Ingano ya reagent yakoreshejwe ni nini, isuka yakozwe ni nini, kandi ikiguzi cyo kuvura ni kinini.Kwinjiza ion ya chloride na fosifore isigaye mugihe cyo kunywa imiti irashobora gutera umwanda wa kabiri.

Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya Aluminium Sulfate Yabikoze nuwabitanga |BURUNDU (cnchemist.com)

Ibicuruzwa byinshi Dibasic Sodium Fosifate Yumushinga nuwitanga |BURUNDU (cnchemist.com)

Kureka uburyo

Kurandura azote ya ammoni ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhuha ni uguhindura agaciro ka pH kuri alkaline, kugirango ion amoniya mumazi yanduye ihindurwe na ammonia, kuburyo ibaho cyane muburyo bwa amoniya yubusa, hanyuma hakuramo amoniya yubusa. y'amazi yanduye binyuze muri gaze yabatwara, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho azote ya amoniya.Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumikorere ni pH agaciro, ubushyuhe, igipimo cya gaze-amazi, umuvuduko wa gazi, kwibanda kwambere nibindi.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo guhanagura bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi mabi hamwe na azote ya amoniya.

Ikurwaho rya azote ya ammonia mumyanda yimyanda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhanagura.Byagaragaye ko ibintu by'ingenzi bigenzura imikorere y’ibisasu ari ubushyuhe, igipimo cya gaze-amazi n’agaciro ka pH.Iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi burenze 2590, igipimo cya gaze-yamazi igera kuri 3500, naho pH igera kuri 10.5, igipimo cyo kuyikuramo gishobora kugera kuri 90% kumyanda yimyanda hamwe na azote ya azote ya amoniya igera kuri 2000-4000mg / L.Ibisubizo byerekana ko iyo pH = 11.5, gukuramo ubushyuhe ari 80cC naho kwiyambura ni 120min, igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya mumazi y’amazi gishobora kugera kuri 99.2%.

Amazi meza ya azote azote yuzuye ya azote yakozwe numunara uhuha.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko guhanagura neza byiyongereye hamwe no kongera agaciro ka pH.Umubare munini wa gazi-isukari nini, niko imbaraga zo gutwara ammonia zambura abantu benshi, kandi gukora neza nabyo byiyongera.

Kurandura azote ya ammonia ukoresheje uburyo bwiza, biroroshye gukora kandi byoroshye kugenzura.Azote ya amoniya ihumeka irashobora gukoreshwa nk'imisemburo hamwe na acide sulfurike, kandi amafaranga ya acide sulfurike yatanzwe ashobora gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire.Uburyo bwa Blow-off nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukuraho azote yumubiri nubumara.Nyamara, uburyo bwo guhanagura ibintu bifite imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe, nko gupima umunara kenshi, umunara wa ammoniya wo gukuraho azote ku bushyuhe buke, hamwe n’umwanda wa kabiri uterwa na gaze.Uburyo bwa Blow-off busanzwe buhujwe nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye ya amoniya azote kugirango yanduze amazi yanduye ya amoniya azote.

③Bora ingingo ya chlorine

Uburyo bwo kuvanaho amoniya hakoreshejwe break chlorine ni uko gazi ya chlorine ikorana na ammonia kugirango itange gaze ya azote itagira ingaruka, na N2 ihungira mu kirere, bigatuma inkomoko yabyo ikomeza iburyo.Inzira yo kubyitwaramo ni:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 -> 0.5 N2 H20 H ++ Cl - 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Iyo gaze ya chlorine yimuriwe mumazi y’amazi ahantu runaka, ibirimo chlorine yubusa mumazi iba mike, kandi ammonia yibanze kuri zeru.Iyo ingano ya gaze ya chlorine irenze iyo ngingo, ingano ya chlorine yubusa mumazi iziyongera, kubwibyo, ingingo yitwa break point, naho chlorine muriyi leta yitwa break point chlorination.

Uburyo bwa chlorine ya break point bukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi yo gucukura nyuma ya azote ya amoniya ihumeka, kandi ingaruka zo kuvura zigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye bwa ammonia azote.Iyo 70% ya azote ya ammoniya mumazi yanduye ikuweho muguhumeka hanyuma ikavurwa na break point chlorination, ubwinshi bwa azote ya ammoniya mumasoko iba munsi ya 15mg / L.Zhang Shengli n'abandi.yafashe amazi y’amazi ya azote yigana hamwe na 100mg / L nk’ubushakashatsi, kandi ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byagaragaje ko ibintu nyamukuru n’icya kabiri byagize ingaruka ku ikurwaho rya azote ya amoniya na okiside ya sodium hypochlorite ari ingano ya chlorine na azote ya amoniya, igihe cyo kwitwara, na pH agaciro.

Uburyo bwa chlorination ya break point ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanaho azote, igipimo cyo kuyikuramo gishobora kugera ku 100%, kandi amoniya yibanda mumazi yanduye irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri zeru.Ingaruka zirahamye kandi ntabwo ziterwa nubushyuhe;Ibikoresho bike byishoramari, igisubizo cyihuse kandi cyuzuye;Ifite ingaruka zo guhagarika no kwanduza umubiri.Ingano yo gukoresha uburyo bwa chlorination ya break point ni uko kwibumbira hamwe kwamazi ya azote azote ya ammoniya ari munsi ya 40mg / L, kuburyo rero uburyo bwo kuruhuka bwa chlorine bukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya neza amazi y’amazi ya azote.Ibisabwa gukoreshwa neza no guhunika ni byinshi, ikiguzi cyo kuvura ni kinini, kandi ibikomoka kuri chloramine n’ibinyabuzima bya chlorine bizatera umwanda wa kabiri.

Uburyo bwa okiside ya catalitiki

Uburyo bwa okiside ya catalitike ni binyuze mubikorwa bya catalizator, munsi yubushyuhe n’umuvuduko runaka, binyuze mu guhumeka ikirere, ibintu kama na ammonia mu mwanda birashobora kuba okiside hanyuma bikabora ibintu bitagira ingaruka nka CO2, N2 na H2O, kugirango bigere ku ntego yo kwezwa.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka za okiside ya catalitiki ni ibintu biranga catalizator, ubushyuhe, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, agaciro ka pH, kwibumbira kwa azote ya amoniya, umuvuduko, gukurura imbaraga nibindi.

Igikorwa cyo gutesha agaciro azote ya ozoniya ya azoni yakozwe.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko mugihe pH agaciro kiyongereye, ubwoko bwa HO radical ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwa okiside bwakozwe, kandi igipimo cya okiside cyihuta cyane.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ozone ishobora okiside azote ya ammonia kuri nitrite na nitrite kuri nitrate.Ubwinshi bwa azote ya amoniya mumazi buragabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwigihe, naho ikurwaho rya azote ya ammoni ni 82%.CuO-Mn02-Ce02 yakoreshejwe nk'umusemburo uhuza amazi ya azote ya azote.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ibikorwa bya okiside ya catalizator nshya yateguwe byateye imbere cyane, kandi uburyo bukwiye ni 255 ℃, 4.2MPa na pH = 10.8.Mu gutunganya amazi y’amazi ya azote ya amoniya hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwa 1023mg / L, igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya gishobora kugera kuri 98% mu gihe cya 150min, kikagera ku gipimo cy’isohoka ry’igihugu cya kabiri (50mg / L).

Imikorere ya catalitiki ya zeolite yashyigikiwe na TiO2 Photocatalyst yakozweho ubushakashatsi ku gipimo cyo kwangirika kwa azote ya ammoniya mu gisubizo cya acide sulfurike.Ibisubizo byerekana ko dosiye nziza ya Ti02 / zeolite yifotora ari 1.5g / L naho igihe cyo kuyitwara ni 4h munsi ya ultraviolet irradiation.Igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya amoniya mu mazi y’amazi gishobora kugera kuri 98,92%.Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zo gukuraho fer nini na nano-chin dioxyde munsi yumucyo ultraviolet kuri fenol na azote ya amoniya.Ibisubizo byerekana ko ikurwaho rya azote ya ammoniya ari 97.5% mugihe pH = 9.0 ishyizwe kumuti wa azote wa ammonia hamwe na 50mg / L, ibyo bikaba 7.8% na 22.5% hejuru yicyuma kinini cyangwa dioxyde de Chine yonyine.

Uburyo bwa okiside ya catalitiki ifite ibyiza byo kweza cyane, inzira yoroshye, agace gato ko hepfo, nibindi, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi ya azote azote.Ikibazo cyo gusaba nuburyo bwo kwirinda igihombo cya catalizator no kurinda ruswa ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwa elegitoroniki ya okiside

Uburyo bwa okiside ya electrochemicique bivuga uburyo bwo gukuraho umwanda mumazi ukoresheje electrooxidation hamwe nibikorwa bya catalitiki.Ibintu bigira ingaruka ni ubucucike buriho, umuvuduko winjira, igihe cyo gusohoka nigihe cyo gukemura.

Amashanyarazi ya okiside ya amoniya-azote yanduye mumazi atembera ya selile electrolytique, aho ibyiza ari amashanyarazi ya Ti / Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 naho ibibi ni amashanyarazi ya Ti.Ibisubizo byerekana ko iyo intungamubiri za chloride ion ari 400mg / L, intangiriro ya azote ya ammoniya ni 40mg / L, umuvuduko ukabije ni 600mL / min, ubucucike buriho ni 20mA / cm, naho igihe cya electrolytike ni 90min, amoniya igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ni 99.37%.Irerekana ko okiside ya electrolytike ya amoniya-azote yanduye ifite ibyiringiro byiza.

3. Uburyo bwo gukuraho azote ya biohimiki

Nitrifike yose hamwe na denitrification

Nitrifasiya-yose hamwe na denitrification ni ubwoko bwibinyabuzima byakoreshejwe cyane kuva kera.Ihindura azote ya ammonia mumazi mabi muri azote ikoresheje urukurikirane rwibisubizo nka nitrifisation na denitrification ikorwa na mikorobe itandukanye, kugirango igere ku ntego yo gutunganya amazi mabi.Inzira ya nitrification na denitrification kugirango ikureho azote ya amoniya ikeneye kunyura mubyiciro bibiri:

Nitrification reaction: nitrification reaction irangizwa na mikorobe mikorobe yo mu kirere.Muri leta ya aerobic, azote idakoreshwa nkisoko ya azote kugirango ihindure NH4 + muri NO2-, hanyuma ihindurwe kuri NO3-.Inzira ya nitrification irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri.Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, nitrite ihindurwamo nitrate (NO3-) ikoresheje bagiteri ya nitrifingi, na nitrite ihinduka nitrate (NO3-) ikoresheje bagiteri.

Igisubizo cya Denitrification: reaction ya denitrification ninzira yo gutandukanya bagiteri igabanya azote ya nitrite na nitrate ya azote kuri azote ya gaze (N2) muri leta ya hypoxia.Gutandukanya bagiteri ni mikorobe ya heterotrophique, inyinshi muri zo zikaba ari za bagiteri amphictic.Muri leta ya hypoxia, bakoresha ogisijeni muri nitrate nk'iyakirwa rya electron hamwe n’ibinyabuzima (BOD bigize imyanda) nkumuterankunga wa electron kugirango batange ingufu kandi babe okiside kandi bahamye.

Inzira zose nitrifisiyasi na denitrification yubushakashatsi bukoreshwa cyane cyane harimo AO, A2O, umwobo wa okiside, nibindi, nuburyo bukuze bukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kuvanaho azote.

Uburyo bwose bwa nitrification na denitrification bufite ibyiza byingaruka zihamye, imikorere yoroshye, nta mwanda wa kabiri nigiciro gito.Ubu buryo kandi bufite aho bugarukira, nkisoko ya karubone igomba kongerwamo mugihe igipimo cya C / N mumazi y’amazi ari gito, ubushyuhe bukenewe burakomeye, imikorere ikaba mike mubushyuhe buke, agace ni nini, ogisijeni ikenera ni nini, kandi ibintu bimwe na bimwe byangiza nka ion zibyuma biremereye bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri mikorobe, bigomba kuvaho mbere yuburyo bwibinyabuzima bukorwa.Byongeye kandi, ubwinshi bwa azote ya ammoniya mu mazi y’amazi nayo igira ingaruka mbi kuri nitrification.Kubwibyo rero, kwitegura bigomba gukorwa mbere yo gutunganya amazi mabi ya azote azote ya azote kugira ngo amazi y’amazi ya azote azabe munsi ya 500mg / L.Uburyo bwa biologiya gakondo bukwiranye no gutunganya amazi mabi ya ammoniya azote yuzuye arimo ibintu kama, nk'imyanda yo mu ngo, amazi y’imyanda, nibindi.

NitNitrification icyarimwe na denitrification (SND)

Iyo nitrifisation na denitrification ikorewe hamwe muri reaktor imwe, byitwa icyarimwe digestion denitrification (SND).Umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga mu mazi y’amazi ugarukira ku kigero cyo gukwirakwizwa kugira ngo habeho umwuka wa ogisijeni ushonga mu gace ka microen ibidukikije kuri floc ya mikorobe cyangwa biofilm, bigatuma ogisijeni yashonze igabanuka hejuru y’imbere ya mikorobe cyangwa biofilm ifasha gukura no gukwirakwira. ya bacteri zo mu kirere na bacteri za ammoniating.Byimbitse muri floc cyangwa membrane, niko kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni yashonze, bikavamo akarere ka anoxic aho bagiteri ziganje.Gutyo rero gukora icyarimwe igogorwa hamwe na denitrification inzira.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumyanya icyarimwe no kubitandukanya ni agaciro ka PH, ubushyuhe, alkaline, isoko ya karubone kama, ogisijeni yashonze hamwe nimyaka yimyaka.

Nitrification icyarimwe / denitrification yabayeho mu mwobo wa okiside ya Carrousel, kandi kwibumbira hamwe kwa ogisijeni yashonze hagati ya moteri ihumeka mu mwobo wa okiside ya Carrousel byagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kandi ogisijeni yashonze mu gice cyo hepfo y’umwobo wa Carrousel yari munsi ugereranije no mu gice cyo hejuru .Igipimo cyo gukoresha no gukoresha azote ya nitrate muri buri gice cyumuyoboro bingana, kandi kwibumbira hamwe kwa azote ya ammonia muri umuyoboro buri gihe ni bike cyane, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko reaction ya nitrifisation na denitrification iba icyarimwe mumiyoboro ya okiside ya Carrousel.

Ubushakashatsi bujyanye no gutunganya imyanda yo mu ngo bwerekana ko uko CODCr irenze, niko kuzuza denitrifasiya ndetse no kuvanaho TN neza.Ingaruka ya ogisijeni yashonze kuri nitrifisation icyarimwe na denitrification ni nziza.Iyo ogisijeni yashonze igenzurwa kuri 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, ingaruka zose zo gukuraho azote ni nziza.Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwa nitrification na denitrification bukiza reaction, bigabanya igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, bikoresha ingufu nke, bizigama ishoramari, kandi byoroshye kugumana agaciro ka pH.

③Igice gito cyo gusya no gutesha agaciro

Muri reakteri imwe, bacteri za ammonia okisiside ikoreshwa muguhindura amoniya kuri nitrite mubihe byindege, hanyuma nitrite ikangwa muburyo butaziguye kugirango itange azote ifite ibinyabuzima cyangwa isoko ya karubone yo hanze nkumuterankunga wa electron mugihe cya hypoxia.Ingaruka ziterwa na nitrifisiyasi ngufi na denitrification ni ubushyuhe, ammonia yubusa, agaciro ka pH na ogisijeni yashonze.

Ingaruka yubushuhe kuri nitrifike ngufi y’imyanda ya komine idafite amazi yo mu nyanja n’imyanda ya komine hamwe n’amazi yo mu nyanja 30%.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko: kumyanda ya komine idafite amazi yinyanja, kongera ubushyuhe bifasha kugera kuri nitrifasiya ngufi.Iyo igipimo cy'amazi yo mu nyanja mu myanda yo mu ngo ari 30%, nitrifisiyasi ngufi irashobora kugerwaho neza mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hagati.Ishuri rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Delft ryateje imbere gahunda ya SHARON, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (hafi 30-4090) bifasha mu gukwirakwiza za bagiteri za nitrite, ku buryo bagiteri ya nitrite itakaza irushanwa, mu gihe igenzura imyaka y’amazi kugira ngo ikureho bacteri za nitrite, bityo ko nitrification reaction murwego rwa nitrite.

Hashingiwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati ya ogisijeni iri hagati ya bagiteri ya nitrite na bagiteri ya nitrite, Laboratoire ya Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratoire yateje imbere inzira ya OLAND kugira ngo igere kuri azote ya nitrite igenzura ogisijeni yashonze kugira ngo ikureho bacteri za nitrite.

Ikizamini cyikigereranyo cyibikorwa byo gutunganya amazi y’amazi ya kokiya hakoreshejwe nitrifasiya ngufi na denitrification yerekana ko iyo COD ikomeye, azote ya amoniya, TN na fenol yibanda kuri 1201.6,510.4,540.1 na 110.4mg / L, impuzandengo ya COD isohoka, azote ya amoniya. , TN hamwe na fenol yibanze ni 197.1,14.2,181.5 na 0.4mg / L.Igipimo cyo gukuraho kijyanye na 83,6%, 97.2%, 66.4% na 99,6%.

Inzira ya nitrifisiyasi ngufi na denitrification ntabwo inyura murwego rwa nitrate, ikiza isoko ya karubone isabwa kugirango ikuremo azote.Ifite ibyiza bimwe byamazi ya azote ya azote hamwe na C / N.Kugabanya intera ngufi ya nitrification hamwe na denitrification bifite ibyiza byo gutobora gake, igihe gito cyo kubyitwaramo no kuzigama ingano ya reaction.Nyamara, nitrifisiyasi ngufi na denitrification bisaba kwegeranya kwa nitrite ihamye kandi irambye, kuburyo rero bwo guhagarika neza ibikorwa bya bagiteri nitrifingi biba urufunguzo.

Ox Anaerobic ammonia okiside

Anaerobic ammoxidation ni inzira yo okiside itaziguye ya azote ya amoniya na azote na bacteri za autotropique ziterwa na hypoxia, hamwe na azote ya azote cyangwa azote ya azote nk'iyakira electron.

Ingaruka zubushyuhe na PH kubikorwa byibinyabuzima bya anammoX byizwe.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ubushyuhe bwiza bwa reaction bwari 30 ℃ naho pH yari 7.8.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwa anaerobic ammoX reaction yo kuvura umunyu mwinshi hamwe n’amazi mabi ya azote yibanze cyane.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko umunyu mwinshi wabujije cyane ibikorwa bya anammoX, kandi uku kubuza kwari guhinduka.Igikorwa cya anaerobic ammox yumucanga utarondoreka cyari munsi ya 67.5% ugereranije niy'igenzura ryagenzuwe munsi yumunyu wa 30g.L-1 (NaC1).Igikorwa cya anammoX ya slimge yamenyekanye yari munsi ya 45.1% ugereranije nubugenzuzi.Iyo isuka yamenyekanye yimuwe ikava ahantu h'umunyu mwinshi ikajya ahantu h’umunyu muke (nta brine), ibikorwa bya anaerobic ammoX byiyongereyeho 43.1%.Nyamara, reaktor ikunda kugabanuka mugihe ikora mumunyu mwinshi mugihe kirekire.

Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwibinyabuzima, anaerobic ammoX nubuhanga bukomeye bwo kuvanaho azote yubukungu idafite ingufu za karubone, isukari nke ya ogisijeni, ntikeneye reagent kugirango ibangikanye, n’umusaruro muke.Ingaruka za amax ya anaerobic ni uko umuvuduko wa reaction utinda, ingano ya reaction nini, kandi isoko ya karubone ntago ibangamiye anaerobic amMOX, ifite akamaro gakomeye mugukemura amazi y’amazi ya azote azote hamwe na biodegradabilite.

4.gutandukanya na adsorption inzira yo gukuraho azote

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya membrane

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya Membrane ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo gutoranya ibintu bya membrane kugirango uhitemo gutandukanya ibice biri mumazi, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho azote ya amoniya.Harimo osose ihindagurika, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane na electrodialysis.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubitandukanya nibiranga membrane, umuvuduko cyangwa voltage, agaciro ka pH, ubushyuhe hamwe na azote ya azote.

Ukurikije ubwiza bw’amazi y’amazi ya azote azote yasohowe na smelter idasanzwe, ubushakashatsi bwa osmose bwakorewe hamwe na NH4C1 na NaCI bigereranya amazi y’amazi.Byagaragaye ko mubihe bimwe, osmose revers ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukuraho NaCI, mugihe NHCl ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wamazi.Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanaho NH4C1 ni 77.3% nyuma yo kuvura osose ihindagurika, ishobora gukoreshwa nko kwangiza amazi y’amazi ya azote.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya osmose irashobora kuzigama ingufu, guhagarara neza kwubushyuhe, ariko kurwanya chlorine, kurwanya umwanda ni bibi.

Uburyo bwa biohimiki ya nanofiltration membrane yo gutandukanya bwakoreshejwe mu kuvura imyanda y’imyanda, ku buryo 85% ~ 90% y’amazi yinjira yarekuwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bisanzwe, kandi 0% ~ 15% gusa by’amazi y’imyanda hamwe n’ibyondo byasubijwe kuri ikigega cy'imyanda.Ozturki n'abandi.yavunye imyanda ya Odayeri muri Turukiya hamwe na nanofiltration membrane, kandi ikurwaho rya azote ya amoniya yari hafi 72%.Nanofiltration membrane isaba umuvuduko muke kurenza osmose membrane, byoroshye gukora.

Sisitemu yo gukuraho amoniya ikoreshwa muri rusange mu gutunganya amazi mabi hamwe na azote nyinshi ya amoniya.Azote ya amoniya mu mazi ifite uburinganire bukurikira: NH4- + OH- = NH3 + H2O ikora, amazi y’amazi arimo amoniya atembera mu gishishwa cya module ya membrane, hamwe n’amazi akurura aside atembera mu muyoboro wa membrane. module.Iyo PH y'amazi mabi yiyongereye cyangwa ubushyuhe buzamutse, uburinganire buzahinduka iburyo, na ion amonium NH4- ihinduka gaze ya NH3 yubusa.Muri iki gihe, gaze ya NH3 irashobora kwinjira mu cyiciro cyo gukuramo aside mu muyoboro uva mu cyiciro cy’amazi y’imyanda mu gishishwa unyuze kuri micropore hejuru ya fibre yuzuye, winjizwa nigisubizo cya aside hanyuma igahita iba ionic NH4-.Gumana PH y'amazi mabi hejuru ya 10, n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 35 ° C (munsi ya 50 ° C), kugirango NH4 mugice cyamazi y’amazi azahora ahinduka NH3 kugirango yimuke yimuka yimuka.Kubera iyo mpamvu, intungamubiri za azote ya amoniya kuruhande rwamazi yanduye yagabanutse ubudasiba.Acide yo kwinjiza aside icyiciro, kubera ko harimo aside na NH4- gusa, ikora umunyu wa amonium usukuye cyane, kandi ikagera kumurongo runaka nyuma yo kuzenguruka bikomeje, bishobora gutunganywa.Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuzamura cyane igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya mu mazi y’amazi, ku rundi ruhande, irashobora kugabanya igiciro cyose cy’imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi mabi.

Lectelectrodialysis uburyo

Electrodialysis nuburyo bwo kuvanaho ibishishwa byashonze mubisubizo byamazi ukoresheje voltage hagati ya membrane ebyiri.Mubikorwa bya voltage, ioni ya ammonia nizindi ion mumazi y’amazi ya amoniya-azote akungahazwa binyuze muri membrane mumazi arimo amoniya arimo amazi yibanze, kugirango agere ku ntego yo kuyakuraho.

Uburyo bwa electrodialysis bwakoreshejwe mu gutunganya amazi mabi adafite ingufu hamwe na azote ya ammoniya kandi bigera ku musaruro mwiza.Kuri 2000-3000mg / L amazi y’amazi ya azote, igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya amoniya gishobora kurenga 85%, kandi amazi ya amoniya yibanze ashobora kuboneka 8.9%.Umubare w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa mugihe cyo gukora electrodialysis ugereranije numubare wa azote wa amoniya mumazi mabi.Electrodialysis itunganya amazi mabi ntabwo igarukira kubiciro bya pH, ubushyuhe nigitutu, kandi biroroshye gukora.

Ibyiza byo gutandukanya membrane ni ugusubirana cyane kwa azote ya amoniya, imikorere yoroshye, ingaruka zokuvura zihamye kandi nta mwanda wongeyeho.Nyamara, mugutunganya amazi yanduye ya ammoniya azote azote, usibye membrane ya deammoniated, izindi membrane ziroroshye gupima no gufunga, kandi kuvugurura no gukaraba ni kenshi, byongera amafaranga yo kuvura.Kubwibyo, ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane kwitegura cyangwa amazi mabi ya azote azote.

Method Uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru

Uburyo bwo guhanahana Ion nuburyo bwo gukuraho azote ya amoniya mumazi yanduye ukoresheje ibikoresho bifite adsorption ikomeye ya amoniya ion.Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muri adsorption ni karubone, zeolite, montmorillonite no guhana resin.Zeolite ni ubwoko bwa silico-aluminate ifite imiterere-yimiterere-yimiterere itatu, imiterere ya pore isanzwe hamwe nu mwobo, muri byo clinoptilolite ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhitamo adsorption ya ion ya amoniya nigiciro gito, bityo ikaba isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byinjira mumazi ya azote ya azote. mubuhanga.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiti ya clinoptilolite harimo ingano yingirakamaro, kwibumbira kwa azote ya ammoniya, igihe cyo guhura, agaciro ka pH nibindi.

Ingaruka ya adsorption ya zeolite kuri azote ya amoniya iragaragara, ikurikirwa na ranite, kandi ingaruka zubutaka na ceramisite ni mbi.Inzira nyamukuru yo gukuramo azote ya ammonia muri zeolite ni ion guhana, kandi ingaruka ya adsorption yumubiri ni nto cyane.Ingaruka zo guhana ion za ceramite, ubutaka na ranite bisa ningaruka ya adsorption yumubiri.Ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya bane buzuye bwaragabanutse hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe buri hagati ya 15-35 and, kandi bwiyongera hamwe no kongera agaciro ka pH murwego rwa 3-9.Iringanizwa rya adsorption ryagezweho nyuma ya 6h ihungabana.

Hakozwe ubushakashatsi bwo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya mumyanda ya zeolite adsorption.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko buri garama ya zeolite ifite ubushobozi buke bwa adsorption ya 15.5mg ya azote ya ammonia, mugihe ingano ya zeolite ari mesh 30-16, igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya amoniya kigera kuri 78.5%, kandi mugihe kimwe cyo kwinjizwa, dosiye na Ingano ya zeolite, niko nitorojeni ya azote ifite imbaraga nyinshi, niko igipimo cya adsorption, kandi birashoboka ko zeolite nka adsorbent ikuraho azote ya amoniya muri leachate.Muri icyo gihe, hagaragajwe ko igipimo cya adsorption ya azote ya ammonia na zeolite ari gito, kandi biragoye ko zeolite igera ku bushobozi bwo kwiyuzuzamo mu bikorwa bifatika.

Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zo kuryama kwa zeolite ya biologiya kuri azote, COD n’indi myanda ihumanya imyanda y’umudugudu.Ibisubizo byerekana ko igipimo cyo gukuraho azote ya ammoniya ku buriri bwa zeolite ya biologiya kirenga 95%, kandi gukuraho azote ya nitrate bigira ingaruka cyane ku gihe cyo gutura hydraulic.

Uburyo bwo guhanahana ion bufite ibyiza byo gushora imari mito, inzira yoroshye, imikorere yoroshye, kutumva uburozi nubushyuhe, no gukoresha zeolite mukuvugurura.Ariko, mugihe utunganya amazi mabi ya azote azote ya azote, kuvugurura ni kenshi, bizana ikibazo kubikorwa, bityo rero bigomba guhuzwa nubundi buryo bwo kuvura azote ya amoniya, cyangwa gukoreshwa mu kuvura amazi mabi ya azote azote.

Ibicuruzwa byinshi 4A Zeolite Ihingura nuwitanga |BURUNDU (cnchemist.com)