Kalisiyumu ya chloride ni umunyu ukorwa na ion ya chloride na calcium ion.Kalisiyumu ya Anhydrous ifite chloride ikomeye cyane, ikoreshwa nka desiccant kubintu bitandukanye, usibye ivumbi ryumuhanda, gutunganya ubutaka, firigo, ibikoresho byoza amazi, umukozi wa paste.Nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya chimique, ibikoresho fatizo bya farumasi, inyongeramusaruro, ibiryo byongera ibikoresho nibikoresho fatizo byo gukora calcium yicyuma.
Ibintu bifatika bya calcium chloride
Kalisiyumu ya chloride ni cubic idafite ibara, yera cyangwa idafite umweru, granulaire, ubuki, spheroid, granular idasanzwe, ifu.Ingingo yo gushonga 782 ° C, ubucucike 1.086 g / mL kuri 20 ° C, aho batetse 1600 ° C, gushonga amazi 740 g / L.Uburozi buke, impumuro nziza, uburyohe bukaze.Hygroscopique ikabije kandi itangwa byoroshye iyo ihuye numwuka.
Byoroshye gushonga mumazi, mugihe urekura ubushyuhe bwinshi (calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ya -176.2cal / g), igisubizo cyamazi cyayo ni acide nkeya.Gukemura muri alcool, acetone, acide acike.Hakozwe hamwe na ammonia cyangwa Ethanol, CaCl2 · 8NH3 na CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH zakozwe.Ku bushyuhe buke, igisubizo korohereza kandi kigwa nka hexahydrate, igenda ishonga buhoro buhoro mu mazi yacyo ya kirisiti iyo ishyutswe kuri 30 ° C, ikagenda itakaza buhoro buhoro amazi iyo ashyushye kugeza kuri 200 ° C, hanyuma igahinduka dihydrate iyo ishyushye kuri 260 ° C. , ihinduka umweru wa anhydrous calcium chloride.
Anhydrous calcium chloride
1, imiterere yumubiri nubumara: ibara ritagira ibara rya kirisiti, cyera cyangwa cyera-cyera cyuzuye cyangwa granular ikomeye.Ubucucike bugereranije ni 2.15, aho gushonga ni 782 ℃, aho gutekera hejuru ya 1600 ℃, isuku irakomeye cyane, yoroshye kuyishiramo, byoroshye gushonga mumazi, mugihe irekura ubushyuhe bwinshi, impumuro nziza, uburyohe busharira, igisubizo cyamazi ni acide nkeya, gushonga muri alcool, vinegere ya acrylic, acide acike.
2, imikoreshereze yibicuruzwa: Nibikoresho bigwa kugirango bibyare umusaruro wibara ryibara ryikiyaga.Umusaruro wa azote, gaze ya acetylene, hydrogène chloride, ogisijeni hamwe nindi myanda ya gaze.Inzoga, ethers, esters hamwe na resin ya acrylic ikoreshwa nkibintu bitera umwuma, kandi ibisubizo byamazi ni firigo zingenzi kuri firigo na firigo.Irashobora kwihutisha gukomera kwa beto, kongera ubukonje bwa sima ya sima, kandi ni antifreeze nziza.Ikoreshwa nkibikoresho birinda aluminium magnesium metallurgie, ibikoresho byo gutunganya.
Fata calcium chloride
1, ibintu bifatika na chimique: kirisiti itagira ibara, iki gicuruzwa cyera, kitari cyera.Uburyohe busharira, deliquescent ikomeye.
Ubucucike bwacyo ni 0.835, gushonga byoroshye mumazi, igisubizo cyamazi cyacyo ntaho kibogamiye cyangwa alkaline nkeya, cyangirika, gishonga muri alcool kandi ntigishobora gushonga muri ether, kandi kigahumeka mubintu bidafite imbaraga iyo bishyushye kugeza 260 ℃.Ibindi bintu bya shimi bisa na calcium chloride ya anhydrous.
2, imikorere no gukoresha: flake calcium chloride ikoreshwa nka firigo;Antifreeze agent;Urubura cyangwa urubura;Flame retardants yo kurangiza no kurangiza imyenda y'ipamba;Kubungabunga ibiti;Gukora reberi nkibikoresho byiziritse;Imvange ivanze ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bifata.
Kalisiyumu chloride yumuti wamazi
Kalisiyumu ya chloride yumuti ifite ibiranga ubwikorezi, ahantu hakonje cyane kuruta amazi, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe uhuye namazi, kandi bifite imikorere myiza ya adsorption, kandi aho ikonje irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi.
Uruhare rwumuti wa calcium chloride:
1. Alkaline: Kalisiyumu ion hydrolysis ni alkaline, na hydrogène chloride ihindagurika nyuma ya chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, kuyobora: hari ion mubisubizo bishobora kugenda mubuntu.
3, gukonjesha: calcium chloride yumuti wo gukonjesha ni munsi yamazi.
4, ingingo itetse: calcium chloride y'amazi yumuti wo guteka urenze amazi.
5, guhumeka kristalisiyumu: calcium chloride yamazi yumuti wumuti uhumeka kugirango ube mukirere cyuzuye hydrogène chloride.
Desiccant
Kalisiyumu ya chloride irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byangiza cyangwa bigabanya amazi ya gaze namazi kama.Ariko, ntishobora gukoreshwa mukumisha Ethanol na ammonia, kubera ko Ethanol na ammonia bifata hamwe na calcium chloride ya calcium kugirango bibe inzoga CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH hamwe na ammoniya CaCl2 · 8NH3.Anhydrous calcium chloride irashobora kandi gukorwa mubicuruzwa byo murugo bikoreshwa nka agent ya hygroscopique yo mu kirere, calcium chloride ya anhidrous nkumukozi wo gufata amazi byemejwe na FDA kugirango yambare ubufasha bwambere, uruhare rwayo ni ukumenya ko igikomere cyumye.
Kubera ko calcium chloride idafite aho ibogamiye, irashobora gukama imyuka ya acide cyangwa alkaline n’amazi kama, ariko no muri laboratoire kugirango ikore gaze nkeya nka azote, ogisijeni, hydrogène, hydrogène chloride, dioxyde de sulfure, dioxyde de carbone, dioxyde de azote, nibindi. ., iyo yumishije iyo myuka yabyaye.Granid anhydrous calcium chloride ikoreshwa kenshi nka desiccant kugirango yuzuze imiyoboro yumye, kandi algae nini (cyangwa ivu ryo mu nyanja) yumishijwe na calcium chloride ya calcium irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ivu rya soda.Imyanda imwe yo murugo ikoresha calcium chloride kugirango ikuremo umwuka.
Kalisiyumu ya anhidrous ikwirakwizwa hejuru yumuhanda wumucanga, kandi umutungo wa hygroscopique wa calcium ya anhidrous calcium chloride ukoreshwa muguhuza ubuhehere buri mu kirere mugihe ubuhehere bwikirere buri munsi yikime kugirango ikomeze umuhanda utose, kugirango ubigenzure umukungugu uri mu muhanda.
Kugena umukozi no kwiyuhagira
Kalisiyumu ya chloride irashobora kugabanya amazi akonje, kandi kuyakwirakwiza mumihanda birashobora gukumira urubura no gukonjesha urubura, ariko amazi yumunyu gushonga urubura na barafu bishobora kwangiza ubutaka nibimera kumuhanda kandi bikangiza beto ya kaburimbo.Kalisiyumu ya chloride yumuti irashobora kandi kuvangwa nurubura rwumye kugirango bategure kwiyuhagira gukonjesha.Gufata urubura rwumye rwongewe kumuti wa brine mubice kugeza igihe urubura rugaragara muri sisitemu.Ubushyuhe butajegajega bwo gukonjesha burashobora kubungabungwa muburyo butandukanye hamwe nubushakashatsi bwumunyu.Kalisiyumu ya chloride isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byumunyu, kandi ubushyuhe bukenewe busabwa buboneka muguhindura intumbero, sibyo gusa kuko calcium chloride ya calcium ihendutse kandi byoroshye kuyibona, ariko nanone kubera ubushyuhe bwa eutectic bwumuti wa calcium chloride (ni ukuvuga, ubushyuhe iyo igisubizo cyose cyegeranye kugirango habeho ibice byumunyu wa granulaire) biri hasi cyane, bishobora kugera kuri -51.0 ° C, kuburyo ubushyuhe bushobora guhinduka kuva kuri 0 ° C kugeza kuri -51 ° C. Ubu buryo bushobora kugaragara muri Dewar amacupa afite ingaruka zokwirinda, kandi arashobora no gukoreshwa mubikoresho rusange bya pulasitike kugirango akore ubwogero bukonje mugihe ingano yamacupa ya Dewar ari make kandi hagomba gutegurwa ibisubizo byinshi byumunyu, muribwo ubushyuhe nabwo buba buhagaze neza.
Nka soko ya calcium ion
Kwongeramo calcium chloride mumazi yo koga birashobora gutuma amazi ya pisine ahinduka pH kandi bikongera ubukana bwamazi ya pisine, bishobora kugabanya isuri yurukuta rwa beto.Ukurikije ihame rya Le Chatelier ningaruka za isoionic, kongera ubukana bwa calcium ion mumazi ya pisine bidindiza iseswa ryimyunyu ngugu ya calcium ikenewe mubikorwa bifatika.
Kwongeramo calcium chloride mumazi ya aquarium ya Marine byongera calcium ya bioavailable calcium mumazi, kandi mollusks hamwe ninyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa coelintestinal zororerwa muri aquarium zirayikoresha kugirango ikore calcium ya karubone.Nubwo calcium hydroxide cyangwa reaction ya calcium ishobora kugera kuntego imwe, kongeramo calcium chloride nuburyo bwihuse kandi bigira ingaruka nkeya kuri pH yamazi.
Kalisiyumu ya chloride kubindi bikoreshwa
Imiterere ya calcium chloride ya calcium ituma ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwishyushya no gushiramo.
Kalisiyumu ya chloride irashobora gufasha kwihutisha igenamigambi ryambere muri beto, ariko ion ya chloride irashobora kwangirika kwibyuma, bityo calcium chloride ya calcium ntishobora gukoreshwa muri beto ikomejwe.Anhydrous calcium chloride irashobora gutanga urugero rwubushuhe kuri beto kubera imiterere ya hygroscopique.
Mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, calcium chloride ikoreshwa mu kongera ubucucike bw’amazi adafite imbaraga, kandi irashobora no kongerwa mu cyiciro cy’amazi y’amazi yo mu bwoko bwa emulisile yamashanyarazi kugirango ibuze kwaguka kw ibumba.Ikoreshwa nka flux kugirango igabanye aho gushonga mugikorwa cyo gukora ibyuma bya sodiumi mugushonga electrolytike ya sodium ya chloride ya sodium na Davy.Iyo ceramics ikozwe, calcium chloride ikoreshwa nka kimwe mubintu bigize ibikoresho, bizemerera ibice byibumba guhagarikwa mugisubizo, kugirango ibice byibumba byoroshye gukoresha mugihe cyo gutaka.
Kalisiyumu ya chloride kandi ni inyongera muri plastiki no kuzimya umuriro, nk'imfashanyo yo kuyungurura mu gutunganya amazi mabi, nk'inyongera mu itanura riturika kugira ngo igenzure ikusanyirizo hamwe n'ifatizo ry'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo hirindwe kwishyurwa, kandi nk'uruvange mu koroshya imyenda. .
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-19-2024
