Kuvura acide-irimo amazi

Amazi ya acide niyamazi ya acide hamwe na PH agaciro kari munsi ya 6. Ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye hamwe na acide, amazi ya acide arashobora kugabanywa mumazi ya acide acide acide. Amazi meza ya aside hamwe namazi adakomeye acide; Monoacid imyanda ya monaacid na polyacide polyacide; Amazi yo mu mazi make ya acide hamwe na acide yo mu mazi menshi. Mubisanzwe acide amazi, usibye kubamo aside, akenshi irimo ishyari zikomeye ninyunyu hamwe nibindi bintu byangiza. Amazi ya acide ava ahantu henshi, harimo imiyoboro yanjye, Hydrometgy, ibyuma bifatanye, umusaruro utagira ingano, imiyoboro ya acide, impeshyi, fibre nindi nganda. Amazi asanzwe acide ni aside sulfuric aside, hakurikiraho aside hydrochloric na aside ya nitric acide. Buri mwaka, Ubushinwa bugiye gusohora miliyoni imwe na miliyoni imwe y'imyanda y'inganda zangiza ucide, niba ayo mazi y'imyanda aseswa mu buryo butaziguye nta mucyo, bizangiza imyaka, byangiza amafi, no gusenya amafi y'ibidukikije, kandi urimbure ubuzima bw'ibidukikije. Amazi yinganda agomba kuvurwa kugirango yuzuze ibipimo by'igihugu mbere yo gusohoka, guta imyanda ya aside birashobora gukoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa. Mugihe uvura aside iriya, uburyo bushobora gutorwa harimo uburyo bwo kuvura umunyu, uburyo bwo kwibandaho, uburyo bwo kutabogama imiti, ion guhana uburyo bwa resin, nibindi.

1. Umunyu usubiramo

Abitwa salit out ni ugukoresha umubare munini wamazi yumunyu wuzuye kwicisha bugufi kubyanduza kama muri aside. Ariko, ubu buryo buzatanga aside hydrochloric kandi bigira ingaruka ku kugarura no gukoresha aside sulfuric mu myanda yambaye ubusa muri aside ya sodium yujuje ibisabwa.
Imyanda ikubiyemo aside sulfuric hamwe n'umwanda utandukanye, usanga ahanini ari umubare muto wa 6-3-nitrotoluene na aside ya syloro-3. Uburyo bwo hanze ni ugukoresha umubare munini wamazi yumunyu gushiramo kwicisha bugufi hafi ya kama yose muri aside. Uburyo bwumunyu-busubiramo uburyo budashobora gukuraho gusa umwanda utandukanye mugitambara, ariko nanone ukigarurira aside sulfuric kugirango ushyire mubikorwa byumusaruro, kuzigama ibiciro ningufu.

2. Uburyo bukabije

Uburyo bwo kotsa bukoreshwa muri aside ihindagurika nka aside hydrochloric nka aside hydrochloric, zitandukanijwe nigisubizo cyo kotsa kugirango ugere ku rugero rwo gukira.

3. Uburyo bwo kutabogama imiti

Acide shingiro ya Acide ya H + (AQ) + OH- (AQ) = H2O nizoba ari ngombwa kandi yo kuvura acide-irimo amazi. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura acide burimo kutabogama no gutunganya, kutabogama kwa aside, nibindi byinshi byo kutabogama kwa aside Agaciro kageze ku gaciro. Sodium karubone (ash soda ash), sodium hydroxide, hekestone cyangwa lime nkibikoresho fatizo byo kutabogama kwa aside, kutabogama muri rusange ni bihendutse, byoroshye gukora lime.

4. Uburyo bwo gukuramo

Gukuramo amazi-amazi, bizwi kandi gukuramo solvent, nigikorwa cyigice gikoresha itandukaniro mubice bigize ibikoresho bibisi muburyo bukwiye kugirango ugere gutandukana. Mu kuvura acide - birimo amazi, birakenewe kugirango acide akubiyemo amazi hamwe na kama uhuza neza, kugirango umwanda uri mu myanda yimuriwe muri socienti. Ibisabwa mu buryo bugezweho ni: (1) Kubwo gutaka imyanda ni inert, ntitwara imigati hamwe nimyanda, kandi ntabwo ishonga mu myanda; . (3) Igiciro kirihendutse kandi byoroshye kubona; (4) Biroroshye gutandukana numwanda, igihombo gito iyo ukubita. Ibiruhuko bisanzwe birimo benzene (Toluene, Nitrobenzene, Chlorobenzene), FOOROBENZEE), Creosote crude Diphenol), Hydrocarbone, Hordrocarbone, Isoprothane, Isopropyl ether na N-503.

5. Ion guhana uburyo bwo gutanga

Ihame shingiro ryo kuvura imyanda ya kano kama amazi na ion Guhana Reins ni uko zimwe zo guhanahana ibisigazwa bya kano kandi ukuyemo umunyu wa acide hamwe ninyungu zidasanzwe kugirango ugere ku gutandukana acide numwoganya.

6. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya bwo gutandukanya

Ku myanda ya aside, amazi yo kuvura nka dialyse na electrodialysis nayo irashobora gukoreshwa. Kugarura imyanda ya ACID ikubiyemo cyane ihame rya dialyse, riyobowe nitandukaniro ryibanda. Igikoresho cyose gigizwe na dialyse dialyse, isahani yerekana amatara, gushimangira isahani, ibibanza byamazi, nibindi, kandi bigera ku ngaruka zo gutandukana mugutandukanya imyanda.

7. Uburyo bukonje bwa Crystallisation

Uburyo bukonje bwuburyo nuburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwigisubizo no kwicisha bugufi. Ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura imyanda kuburyo umwanda mu myanda ikaranze kugirango ugarure igisubizo cya acide bujuje ibisabwa kandi birashobora gukoreshwa. Kurugero, imyanda ya sulfuric yavuye munzira ya Acyl-koza urusyo ruzunguruka rurimo sulfate nini, ifatwa nigikorwa cyo kwibandaho-kristu no kugishanga no kurwara. Nyuma yo gukuraho sulfate ya ferrous by filtration, aside irashobora gusubizwa inzira yo gutoranya ibyuma kugirango ikomeze.
Gukonjesha Crystallsation ifite porogaramu nyinshi zinganda, zigaragazwa hano nuburyo bwo gutoranya muburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma. Muburyo bwo gutunganya no gutunganya imashini, igisubizo cya sulfuric gikunze gukoreshwa kugirango ukureho ingese hejuru yicyuma. Kubwibyo, gutunganya imyanda acide birashobora kugabanya amafaranga menshi no kurengera ibidukikije. Gukonjesha Crystallsation ikoreshwa munganda kugirango ugere kuri iyi nzira.

8. Uburyo bwa Okiside

Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, kandi ihame ni ugukemura umwanda kama muri acide sulfuric mu bihe bya okiside, kugira ngo acike, aside sulfuric ibezwa kandi igarurwa. Bisanzwe byakoreshejwe ni hydrogen peroxide, nitric acide, aside ya perchloric, aside hypochrous, nitrate, ozone nibindi. Buri okidiizer ifite ibyiza byayo hamwe nimbogamizi.