Ingaruka za PAC mu gutunganya amazi mu ruganda rutanga ingufu zishyuha

1. Gutunganya amazi yo kwisiga mbere yo kuyatunganya

Amazi karemano akunze kuba arimo ibyondo, ibumba, ifu n'ibindi bintu bihagaze hamwe n'imyanda ya colloidal na bagiteri, fungi, algae, virusi n'utundi dukoko, bifite ubushobozi buhamye mu mazi, ni byo bitera amazi guhindagurika, ibara n'impumuro mbi. Ibi bintu bikabije byinjira mu muyoboro wa iyoni, bikanduza resin, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya resin, ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'uburyo bwo gukuramo umunyu. Gutunganya amacandwe, gusobanura neza aho amazi aherereye no kuyayungurura ni ugukuraho iyo myanda nk'intego nyamukuru, kugira ngo ingano y'ibintu bihagaze mu mazi igabanuke ikagera munsi ya 5mg/L, ni ukuvuga kugira ngo amazi aboneke neza. Ibi byitwa gutunganya mbere y'amazi. Nyuma yo gutunganya mbere y'amazi, amazi ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amazi ashyushye gusa iyo imyunyu yashongeshejwe mu mazi ikuweho hakoreshejwe ihinduranya rya iyoni kandi imyuka yashongeshejwe mu mazi ikurweho hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe cyangwa isuku cyangwa guhumeka. Iyo iyo myanda idakuweho mbere, gukosora nyuma (gukuraho umunyu) ntibishobora gukorwa. Kubwibyo, gukosora amacandwe ni ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi mbere y’uko akoreshwa mu ruganda rw’amashanyarazi ashyuha bukorwa ni ubu bukurikira: amazi mabi → gufungana → imvura n’ubuziranenge → kuyungurura. Ibice bikoreshwa mu gufungana ni polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminiyumu sulfate, ferric trichloride, nibindi. Ibi bikurikira ahanini bitanga ikoreshwa rya polyaluminum chloride.

Polyaluminum chloride, yitwa PAC, ishingiye ku ivu rya aluminiyumu cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro ya aluminiyumu nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko runaka hamwe na alkali na aluminium reaction yakozwe na polymer, ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bwo kuyikora biratandukanye, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari imwe. Formule ya molekile ya PAC [Al2 (OH) nCI6-n]m, aho n ishobora kuba umubare uwo ari wo wose uri hagati ya 1 na 5, na m ni umubare w'itsinda rya 10. PAC iza mu buryo bukomeye n'ubw'amazi.

2. Uburyo bwo gufungana kw'amaraso

Hari ingaruka eshatu z'ingenzi za coagulants ku duce twa colloidal mu mazi: amashanyarazi agabanya ubukana, gushyira mu kajagari no gukurura. Ni iyihe ngaruka eshatu muri izi ngaruka eshatu ishingiye ku bwoko n'ingano ya coagulant, imiterere n'ingano y'uduce twa colloidal mu mazi, hamwe n'agaciro ka pH k'amazi. Uburyo polyaluminum chloride ikora busa n'ubwa sulfate ya aluminiyumu, kandi imyitwarire ya sulfate ya aluminiyumu mu mazi yerekeza ku buryo Al3+ ikora ubwoko butandukanye bwa hydrolyzed.

Polyaluminum chloride ishobora gufatwa nk'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biri hagati mu gihe cyo guhirima no gupolima kloride ya aluminiyumu muri Al (OH)3 mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Iboneka mu mazi mu buryo butandukanye bw'ubwoko butandukanye bwa polymeri na A1 (OH)a (s), nta hifashishijwe hydrolysis ya Al3+.

3. Ikoreshwa n'ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa

1. Ubushyuhe bw'amazi

Ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugira ingaruka zigaragara ku ngaruka zo kuvura gufungana kw'amazi. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hasi, gufungana kw'amazi biragoye cyane, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri munsi ya 5°C, igipimo cya hydrolysis kiba gito, kandi flocculant yakozwe ifite imiterere idakomeye, amazi menshi n'uduce duto. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hasi, gufungana kw'uduce twa colloidal birarushaho kwiyongera, igihe cyo gufungana kiba kirekire, kandi igipimo cyo gufungana kw'amazi kiba gito. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwa 25~30°C ari bwo bukwiriye.

2. Agaciro ka pH k'amazi

Uburyo bwo gushonga kwa polyaluminum chloride ni uburyo bwo kurekura H+ buri gihe. Kubwibyo, mu bihe bitandukanye bya pH, hazabaho uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga kwa hydrolysis, kandi agaciro ka pH keza cyane mu kuvura gushonga kwa polyaluminum chloride muri rusange kari hagati ya 6.5 na 7.5. Ingaruka zo gushonga kwa hydrolysis ziba nyinshi muri iki gihe.

3. Igipimo cy'umuti ugabanya amaraso

Iyo ingano ya coagulant yongewemo idahagije, ubushyuhe busigaye mu mazi asohoka buba bwinshi. Iyo ingano ari nini cyane, kubera ko uduce twa colloidal mu mazi dufata coagulant ikabije, imiterere ya charge y'uduce twa colloidal irahinduka, bigatuma ubushyuhe busigaye mu mazi y'imyanda bwiyongera. Uburyo bwo gufungana si uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora imiti, bityo ingano isabwa ntishobora kugenwa hakurikijwe uko ibarwa, ahubwo igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubwiza bw'amazi kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano ikwiye; Iyo ubwiza bw'amazi buhindutse hakurikijwe ibihe, ingano igomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe uko bikwiye.

4. Uburyo bwo guhuza abantu

Mu gihe cyo kuvura amazi avanze cyangwa andi mazi avanze n’amazi, iyo hari urwego runaka rw’ibyondo mu mazi, ingaruka zo kuvura amazi avanze zishobora kunozwa cyane. Bishobora gutanga ubuso bunini, binyuze mu kuyungurura amazi, gukataje amazi no kuyashyira mu gice cy’imbere cy’amazi, bikongera ingaruka zo kuvura amazi avanze n’amazi.

Gutanga amazi mu mazi ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi muri iki gihe. Inganda za polyaluminum chloride zikoreshwa nk'imashini itunganya amazi mu mazi, ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukusanya amazi mu mazi, ifite floc nini, ikoreshwa rito, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, ifite ingano nini y'amazi mu mazi, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amazi mu mazi mu buryo bwagutse n'ibindi byiza, ugereranije n'uburyo ikoreshwa mu mazi mu buryo bwa gakondo, ikoreshwa rishobora kugabanukaho 1/3 ~ 1/2, ikiguzi gishobora kuzigamwa 40%. Iyo bihujwe n'imikorere ya filter idafite valve na filter ya karuboni ikora, amazi mabi aragabanuka cyane, ubwiza bw'amazi mu mazi burushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya resin ya desalt nabwo buriyongera, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora kiragabanuka.