Icyiciro n'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi bisanzwe

Inyongeramusaruro zishyirwa mu byiciro by’inyongeramusaruro zidakomoka ku bimera, nka sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate n’indi myunyu idakomoka ku bimera; Inyongeramusaruro zidakomoka ku bimera, nk’inyongeramusaruro zirwanya kongera gukoreshwa, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Kongeramo ibikoresho by'inyongera bifitanye isano no gukuraho umwanda mu isabune bishobora kunoza imikorere yo gukaraba byitwa inyongeramusaruro zo gukaraba, kandi inyongeramusaruro zo gukaraba ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'isabune. Imirimo y'ingenzi y'inyongeramusaruro zo gukaraba: icya mbere, bigira ingaruka zo koroshya amazi, icya kabiri ni ugukora uruhare rwo gufunga alkaline, hanyuma, bigira uruhare rwo kunyagira, gukurura, guhagarika no gukwirakwiza, ahanini kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwanda wongera kwihambira ku myenda no kurwanya guhindurwa.

Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gusukura amazi?

Sodiyumu silicate
Ni agakoresho ka alkaline, gakunze kuzwi nka water glass cyangwa paucine, ari na kongerezo y'ingenzi ya alkaline pH buffer detergent, ingana na 10% kugeza kuri 3% by'inyongera mu isabune y'ifu. Umurimo wa mbere ni pH buffer, kurwanya ingese, koroshya amazi; Icya kabiri ni ukurinda umwenda kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo gusukura; Icya gatatu ni kunoza uburyo urusenda n'ifu bigenda; Icya kane, igira ingaruka nziza ku bufatanye n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera.

Sodiyumu karubone
Mu byuma bisukura, inyongeramusaruro ni iz’amazi yoroshye, ni amazi yoroshye yo mu bwoko bwa imvura, izina risanzwe ryitwa kandi ivu rya soda, kandi rimwe na rimwe ni alkali yoza, ariko mu by’ukuri, si alkali, ni umunyu. Mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, rimwe na rimwe yitwa soda cyangwa ivu rya alkali. Sodium carbonate ishobora kongera alkalinity, ishobora gutanga calcium carbonate cyangwa magnesium imvura hamwe na calcium na magnesium ions mu mazi, kugira ngo yoroshye amazi, ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi mu isabune ya alkali.

4A zeolite
Inyongerera amazi yo mu bwoko bwa Ion exchange ni ikintu cyiza cyo gufasha mu guhinduranya ayoni, gifasha mu guhinduranya ayoni ya kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu no koroshya amazi. Kubera ko zeolite idashonga mu mazi, kugira ngo idakomeza gushonga ku mwenda, hari ibisabwa ku bunini bw'uduce twa zeolite ya 4A. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zo gukoresha zeolite hamwe na sodium tripolyphosphate ni nziza kuruta kuyikoresha yonyine. 4A zeolite ifite kandi akazi ko gufunga, gukwirakwiza no kurwanya gusubiramo ibintu.

Sodiyumu citrate
Ni umuti woroshya amazi, kandi sodium citrate isanzwe ni sodium citrate dihydrate na sodium citrate pentahydrate. Zifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza kandi zishobora gukora chelate hamwe na iyoni za kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu mu mazi kugira ngo zoroshye amazi. Sodium citrate ni umunyu ukomeye w’ibanze ukomoka kuri aside nke, kandi aside citric ishobora gukora sisitemu ikomeye ya pH buffer, mu gikorwa cyo gusukura ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana pH ihamye, bityo rimwe na rimwe ntikwiriye impinduka nyinshi za pH, sodium citrate ifite umwanya wihariye.

Sodiyumu sulfate
Sodium sulfate decahydrate, izwi cyane nka glauberite. Uduce duto tw’umunyungugu wa sodium sulfate, izwi kandi nka sodium powder. Ingano ya sodium sulfate yongerwa mu ifu yo kumesa ni hagati ya 20% na 60%, ari nabyo bikoreshwa mu ifu isanzwe yo kumesa, ariko ingaruka zayo ni nto cyane ugereranyije n’izindi. Kubera igiciro gito cya sodium sulfate, mu ikorwa ry’isabune, amazi y’isabune aba meza kurushaho, cyane cyane uruhare rw’imashini yo kumesa imyenda.

Ifu ya sodium percarbonate
Sodiyumu percarbonate, izwi cyane nka peroxide ya hydrogen ikomeye, ni imvange y’inyongera ya peroxide ya hydrogen na karubone ya carbonate, ahanini igira uruhare mu gutuma uruhu rusa neza.

Imashini yoroshya amazi ya polycarboxylate chelating
Polycarboxylate, ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'isabune, ni polymer ebyiri zigizwe na acrylic homopolymer na acrylic maleic acid copolymer. Ubu bwoko bw'ikintu bufite imbaraga nziza zo gufatanya kuri iyoni za kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu, bufite ingaruka zigaragara zo gukwirakwira kuri kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu karubone, bufite uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza n'ibice by'isabune nk'inyongera za surfactant, kandi bufite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya kongera gukoreshwa.
Selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl ni umuti urwanya ihinduka ry’imyanda, ubwayo ntabwo ikuraho ubwandu, mu isabune igamije ahanini gukumira ihinduka ry’imyanda, kunoza imbaraga z’ifuro no kudahindagurika kw’ifuro ry’isabune, ariko kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura umusaruro, ikomeza guhindagurika, irinda gutandukana kw’imyanda n’indi mirimo ya chimique ya colloidal.

EDTA ni umuti woroshya amazi
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bigize urusobe rw'amazi, gifite atome esheshatu zihuza ibintu, aho urusobe rw'amazi rukorwa byitwa chelate. Ishobora gukora chelate irimo kalisiyumu, manyeziyumu n'izindi iyoni z'icyuma mu mazi kugira ngo yoroshye amazi.

Ishingiro
Kongeramo uburyohe mu isabune birakundwa cyane n'abaguzi, kandi kongeramo uburyohe mu isabune ntibituma isabune igira imikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo binatuma imyenda cyangwa umusatsi nyuma yo kumesa, bikagira impumuro nziza. Ingano y'uburyohe bwongerwa muri isabune muri rusange ni hafi 1%, ariko ingano y'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nayo iratandukanye, nk'isabune, bitewe n'akazi kayo kadasanzwe, ingano y'uburyohe ni 1.0% ~ 2.5%, isabune yo kumesa 0.5% ~ 1%, ifu yo kumesa 0.1% ~ 0.2%, hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Impumuro zikunze gukoreshwa ni indabyo, ibyatsi, ibiti, n'imibavu y'ubukorano. Gutegura uburyohe bwa sabune bigomba kwitabwaho ku ngingo ebyiri zikurikira: Iya mbere, umutekano, kugabanya uruhu, umusatsi, gukangura amaso, ingaruka mbi ku mubiri w'umuntu; Iya kabiri ni ugutuza, kuko ibintu biri muri isabune ari byinshi, gutuza kw'ikintu kigomba kugumana mu bihe bya alkaline, kugira ngo bitayireka ngo ibore cyangwa ihinduke ibara, kandi ntibishobora kugira uruhare.