Imiterere y'umubiri n'imikoreshereze ya kalisiyumu kloride

Kalisiyumu kloride ni umunyu ukorwa na iyoni za kloride na iyoni za kalisiyumu. Kalisiyumu kloride idakoresha amazi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe bwinshi, ikoreshwa nk'umuti wo koza ibintu bitandukanye, usibye ivumbi ryo mu muhanda, umuti utunganya ubutaka, umuti ukonjesha, umuti usukura amazi, umuti ukoreshwa mu gusya. Ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane mu gukora kalisiyumu mu byuma.

Imiterere ya kalisiyumu kloride

Kalisiyumu chloride ni kristu nto idafite ibara, yera cyangwa umweru, ifite utubumbe duto, ifite ibinyabutabire, ifite spheroid, ifite utubumbe duto, ifite ifu. Ingano yo gushonga ni 782°C, ubucucike ni 1.086 g/mL kuri 20°C, ingano yo kubira ni 1600°C, ishonga y'amazi ni 740 g/L. Ifite uburozi buto, nta mpumuro, uburyohe busharira gato. Ifite hygroscopic cyane kandi yoroshye kuyihindura iyo ishyizwe mu kirere.

Bishongesha mu mazi byoroshye, mu gihe bisohora ubushyuhe bwinshi (calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ya -176.2cal/g), umuti wayo w'amazi uba ufite aside nkeya. Ushobora gushonga muri alcool, acetone, aside asetiki. Ukoresheje ammonia cyangwa ethanol, CaCl2·8NH3 na CaCl2·4C2H5OH complexes byarakozwe, uko bikurikirana. Ku bushyuhe buke, umuti urahinduka nk'umunyu, ugenda ushonga buhoro buhoro mu mazi yawo iyo ushyushye kugeza kuri 30 ° C, hanyuma utakaza amazi buhoro buhoro iyo ushyushye kugeza kuri 200 ° C, hanyuma ukaba umunyu iyo ushyushye kugeza kuri 260 ° C, uba umunyu w'umweru ufite imyenge ya kalisiyumu.

Kalisiyumu kloride idakora amazi

1, imiterere y’umubiri n’iya shimi: kristu y’ikibe idafite ibara, igiti cy’umweru cyangwa cy’umweru kitari cy’umweru cyangwa ikintu gikomeye. Ubucucike ni 2.15, aho gushonga ni 782℃, aho kubira ni hejuru ya 1600℃, ubushobozi bwo guhumeka burakomeye cyane, bworoshye gushonga, bworoshye gushonga mu mazi, mu gihe usohora ubushyuhe bwinshi, nta mpumuro, uburyohe busharira gato, umuti w’amazi ni aside nke, ushongeshwa muri alcool, vinegere ya acrylic, aside asetiki.

2, ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa: Ni ikintu gitera imbaraga mu gukora ibara ry'ibiyaga. Gukora azote, gaze asetilini, hydrogène chloride, ogisijeni n'indi gazi igabanya ubushyuhe. Alcohol, ether, esters na resins za acrylic bikoreshwa nk'ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, kandi amazi yabyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bikonjesha muri firigo no muri firigo. Bishobora kwihutisha gukomera kwa sima, byongera ubukonje bwa sima, kandi ni ikintu cyiza cyane kirwanya ubukonje. Bikoreshwa nk'ikintu kirinda aluminium magnesium metallurgy, igikoresho cyo gutunganya.

Kalisiyumu kloride y'urukiramende

1, imiterere y'umubiri n'iya chimique: kristu idafite ibara, iki gicuruzwa ni kristu y'umweru, idasa n'umweru. Uburyohe busharira, iraryoshye cyane.
Ubucucike bwayo ni 0.835, yoroshye gushonga mu mazi, amazi yayo ntaho ahuriye n’amazi cyangwa afite alkaline gato, yangiza, ishonga mu alukolo kandi ntishonge muri eteri, kandi ikavamo amazi iyo ishyushye kugeza kuri 260°C. Indi miterere y’ibinyabutabire isa na calcium chloride idashonga.

2, imikorere n'imikoreshereze: calcium chloride ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha; Umuti urinda ubukonje; Urubura cyangwa urubura rwashongeshejwe; Ibidakoresha umuriro mu kurangiza no kurangiza imyenda y'ipamba; Ibikoresho bibungabunga ibiti; Gukora kawurute nk'umuti upfunyika; Ifu ivanze ikoreshwa nk'umuti ufatana.

Umuti w'amazi urimo kalisiyumu kloride

Umuti wa kalisiyumu kloride ufite imiterere yo gutwara ibintu, aho gukonjesha hato ugereranyije n'amazi, utuma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu mazi, kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura neza, kandi aho gukonjesha hato hashobora gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye n'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi.

Uruhare rw'umuti wa kalisiyumu kloride:

1. Alkali: Hydrolise ya calcium ion ni alkali, naho hydrogène chloride irahinduka nyuma yo guhidrolise ya chloride ion.
2, kuyobora: hari iyoni mu gisubizo zishobora kugenda neza.
3, aho gukonjesha: aho gukonjesha umuti wa kalisiyumu kloride ni hasi ugereranyije n'amazi.
4, aho kubira: aho kubira amazi mu gikoresho cya kalisiyumu kloride ni hejuru y'amazi.
5, gukaraba kristali: igisubizo cy'amazi cya kalisiyumu kloride gukaraba kristali kuba mu kirere cyuzuyemo kloride ya hydrogen.

Umuti wo kuvura indwara

Kalisiyumu chloride ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti wo kugabanya amazi cyangwa ikuraho amazi mu mwuka n'ibinyobwa bisi. Ariko, ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kumisha ethanoli na ammonia, kuko ethanoli na ammonia bigirana na calcium chloride bigakora alcohol complex CaCl2·4C2H5OH na ammonia complex CaCl2·8NH3, uko bikurikirana. Kalisiyumu chloride idafite amazi ishobora no gukorwamo ibikoresho byo mu rugo bikoreshwa nk'umuti wo mu kirere udafite amazi, kalisiyumu chloride idafite amazi nk'umuti wo gukurura amazi byemejwe na FDA mu gusiga ubutabazi bw'ibanze, inshingano zayo ni ukurinda ko igikomere cyumya.
Kubera ko calcium chloride idakoresha calcium chloride, ishobora kumisha imyuka ikomoka kuri aside cyangwa alkaline hamwe n'amazi y'umwimerere, ariko nanone ikajya muri laboratwari kugira ngo ikore imyuka mike nka azote, ogisijeni, hidrojeni, hidrojeni chloride, sulfur dioxide, dioxide karubone, dioxide azote, n'ibindi, iyo iyo myuka yumye. Kalisiyumu chloride isanzwe ikoreshwa nk'umuti wo kumisha mu byuma byumisha, kandi algae nini (cyangwa ivu ry'ibimera) yumye na calcium chloride ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ivu rya soda. Hari ibikoresho byo mu rugo bikuraho ubushuhe bikoresha calcium chloride kugira ngo bikurure ubushuhe buva mu kirere.
Kalisiyumu kloride idakora amazi ikwirakwira ku buso bw'umuhanda w'umucanga, kandi imiterere ya kalisiyumu kloride idakora amazi ikoreshwa mu gukurura ubushuhe mu kirere iyo ubushuhe bw'ikirere buri hasi y'aho amazi anyura kugira ngo ubuso bw'umuhanda bugume butose, kugira ngo hagenzurwe ivumbi riri mu muhanda.