Ingaruka zo gukoresha PAC mugutunganya amazi yinganda zamashanyarazi

1. Mbere yo gutunganya amazi yo kwisiga

Amazi asanzwe akunze kuba arimo ibyondo, ibumba, humus nibindi bintu byahagaritswe hamwe n’umwanda wa colloidal na bagiteri, ibihumyo, algae, virusi nizindi mikorobe, bifite umutekano muke mumazi, nimpamvu nyamukuru itera amazi mabi, ibara numunuko.Ibi bintu kama birenze urugero byinjira muri ion ihinduranya, byanduza ibisigara, bigabanya ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ibisigazwa, ndetse bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yimyanda ya sisitemu.Kuvura coagulation, gusobanura neza no kuyungurura ni ugukuraho iyo myanda nkintego nyamukuru, kugirango ibikubiye mubintu byahagaritswe mumazi bigabanuke kugeza munsi ya 5mg / L, ni ukuvuga kubona amazi asobanutse.Ibi byitwa kwitegura amazi.Nyuma yo kwitegura, amazi arashobora gukoreshwa nkamazi yo guteka gusa mugihe umunyu ushonga mumazi ukuweho no guhana ion hanyuma imyuka yashonze mumazi ikurwaho no gushyushya cyangwa gukurura cyangwa guhuha.Niba ibyo byanduye bidakuweho mbere, kuvura nyuma (desalting) ntibishobora gukorwa.Kubwibyo, gutunganya coagulation yamazi ni ihuriro ryingenzi mugutunganya amazi.

Igikorwa cyo kwitegura urugomero rwamashanyarazi nuburyo bukurikira: amazi mbisi → coagulation → imvura nubusobanuro → kuyungurura.Coagulants ikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwa coagulation ni polyaluminium chloride, sulfate polyferric, sulfate ya aluminium, trichloride ferric, nibindi bikurikira bikurikira byerekana uburyo bwa chloride polyaluminium.

Choride ya polyaluminium, yitwa PAC, ishingiye ku ivu rya aluminiyumu cyangwa minerval minerval nkibikoresho fatizo, ku bushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko runaka hamwe na alkali na aluminiyumu yakozwe na polymer, ibikoresho fatizo nuburyo bwo gukora biratandukanye, ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa ntabwo ari bimwe.Inzira ya molekulari ya PAC [Al2 (OH) nCI6-n] m, aho n ishobora kuba integer iyo ari yo yose hagati ya 1 na 5, na m ni integer ya cluster 10. PAC ije muburyo bukomeye kandi bwamazi.

2.Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza

Hariho ingaruka eshatu zingenzi za coagulants ku bice bya colloidal mumazi: kutabogama amashanyarazi, ikiraro cya adsorption no gukubura.Ni izihe muri izo ngaruka eshatu nizo nyamukuru ziterwa n'ubwoko na dosiye ya coagulant, imiterere n'ibirimo bigize uduce duto twa colloidal mumazi, hamwe na pH y'amazi.Uburyo bwibikorwa bya chloride polyaluminium bisa nubwa aluminium sulfate, kandi imyitwarire ya sulfate ya aluminium mumazi bivuga inzira ya Al3 + itanga amoko atandukanye ya hydrolyzed.

Choride ya polyaluminiyumu irashobora gufatwa nkibicuruzwa bitandukanye bigezweho mugihe cya hydrolysis na polymerisation ya aluminium chloride muri Al (OH) 3 mubihe bimwe.Iraboneka mumazi muburyo bwubwoko butandukanye bwa polymeric na A1 (OH) a (s), nta hydrolysis ya Al3 +.

3. Gushyira mu bikorwa no guhindura ibintu

1. Ubushyuhe bwamazi

Ubushyuhe bwamazi bugira ingaruka zigaragara kubikorwa byo kuvura coagulation.Iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hasi, hydrolysis ya coagulant iragoye cyane, cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi buri munsi ya 5 ℃, umuvuduko wa hydrolysis uratinda, kandi flocculant ikorwa ifite imiterere idahwitse, amazi menshi hamwe nuduce twiza.Iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hasi, gukemura ibice bya colloidal byiyongera, igihe cya flokculation ni kirekire, kandi igipimo cyimitsi kiratinda.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe bwamazi ya 25 ~ 30 ℃ bukwiye.

2. pH agaciro k'amazi

Hydrolysis inzira ya chloride ya polyaluminium ni inzira yo gukomeza kurekura H +.Kubwibyo, mubihe bitandukanye bya pH, hazaba hydrolysis zitandukanye, kandi pH nziza nziza yo kuvura polyaluminium chloride coagulation muri rusange iri hagati ya 6.5 na 7.5.Ingaruka ya coagulation iri hejuru muriki gihe.

3. Ingano ya coagulant

Iyo ingano ya coagulant yongeweho idahagije, imyanda isigaye mumazi asohoka ni nini.Iyo umubare ari munini cyane, kubera ko uduce duto twa colloidal mumazi adsorb coagulant irenze urugero, imitungo yishyurwa yibice bya colloidal ihinduka, bigatuma imyanda isigaye mumazi yongera kwiyongera.Uburyo bwa coagulation ntabwo aribwo buryo bworoshye bwimiti, kubwibyo dosiye isabwa ntishobora kugenwa ukurikije ibarwa, ariko igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ubwiza bw’amazi kugirango hamenyekane urugero rukwiye;Iyo ubwiza bwamazi buhindutse mugihe, dosiye igomba guhinduka.

4. Menyesha uburyo

Mubikorwa byo kuvura coagulation cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura imvura, niba hari amazi menshi yibyondo mumazi, ingaruka zo kuvura coagulation zirashobora kunozwa cyane.Irashobora gutanga ubuso bunini, binyuze muri adsorption, catalizike hamwe na kristu ya kristu, kunoza ingaruka zo kuvura coagulation.

Imvura igwa ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi muri iki gihe.Inganda za polyaluminium chloride zikoreshwa nka flocculant yo gutunganya amazi, hamwe nibikorwa byiza bya coagulant, floc nini, dosiye nkeya, gukora neza, imvura yihuse, imikoreshereze yagutse nibindi byiza, ugereranije na dosiye gakondo ya flocculant irashobora kugabanuka kuri 1/3 ~ 1 / 2, ikiguzi kirashobora kuzigama 40%.Ufatanije n’imikorere ya filteri idafite agaciro na firime ya karubone ikora, umuvuduko w’amazi meza aragabanuka cyane, ubwiza bwimyanda ya sisitemu ya desalt buratera imbere, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhanahana imyanda ya desalt nabwo bwiyongera, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora kiragabanuka.